PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127731 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Yushean										2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
						Opoitian											3.7
						Opoitian	Baodean										4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
					Southland	Waiauan											11.04
							Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian													11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian	Shanwangian										13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
							Xiejiaan										16.9
						Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Lancian/Edmontonian									66
				Campanian		Haumurian		Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											113
				Aptian													117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes				Midian	259.51
			Wordian						Midian	264.28
			Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian						Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian						Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Autunian		283.5		Bolorian
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian				Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10	Festiniogian							489.2 *	Niuchehean
			Jiangshanian	Festiniogian							Jiangshanian	489.5
			Jiangshanian	Maentwrogian							Jiangshanian	493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian	494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai							Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400