International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandMammal Paleogene ZonesPermian of ChinaPermian of the Salt RangePrecambrian of RussiaCambrian of North AmericaTen Million Year BinsSilurian of EnglandOrdovician of Ibero-Bohemia
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanWanganuiHaweranCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Nukumaruan1.63
Gelasian1.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Waipipian3
Zanclean3.6
Opoitian3.7
MioceneMessinianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
Tortonian7.246
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Lillburnian13.05
Langhian13.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
Burdigalian15.98
Otaian18.7
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 25Cenozoic 423.03
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
EocenePriabonianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17ACenozoic 333.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
BartonianMP 1637.71
Bortonian39.1
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11Cenozoic 241.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Waipawan52
PaleoceneThanetianTeurianMP 6MP 1 - 5Cenozoic 156
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianMataHaumurianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianPiripauanCretaceous 683.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
AptianCretaceous 3113
117.5
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Induan251.2
Kathwai251.5 *
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingianMeishanianPermian 4251.902
252.4 *
Chhidru252.9 *
Baoqingian253.4 *
WuchiapingianLaoshanian254.14
Kalabagh255 *
Wargal256 *
Laibinian257.7 *
GuadalupianCapitanianLengwuan259.51
WordianKuhfengian264.28
265.3 *
Amb266.1 *
RoadianPermian 3266.9
270.7 *
CisuralianKungurianLuodianianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Longlinian285.4 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianZisongianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
300.1
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2393.3
PragianDevonian 1407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton CastleWhitcliffe/Leintwardine419.2
Bringewood/Elton421.3
LudlowLudfordianCoalbrookdaleWenlock (England)/Tickwood423
Gorstian425.6
Buildwas426.4 *
WenlockHomerian427.4
WychWoolhope428.4 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
436.3 *
Aeronian438.5
Cowleigh Park439.3 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5Kosovian443.8
KatianKralodvorianBohdalec †445.2
Berounian449.7 *
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Zahorany †/ViniceLetna †456.2 *
Liben †458 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
Dobrotivian458.5 *
Oretanian459.7 *
Sarka †461.7 *
DapingianOrdovician 2Klabava †467.3
Arenigian468
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1Tremadocian477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10Franconian †/Dresbachian/MillardanCambrian 5485.4
Sunwaptan487.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Steptoean493 *
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianMarjumianAlbertian †Cambrian 4497
Drumian500.5
WuliuanTopazanCambrian 3504.5
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4Waucoban †509
Dyeran511 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Montezuman514.8 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian538.8
Cryogenian635
Tonian720
Karatau800
MesoproterozoicStenian1000
Yurmatian1100
Ectasian1200
Burzyan1375
1400