PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan	MN 17								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian	MN 17								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	MN 16							Late Pliocene	2.58
				Waipipian	MN 16								3
					MN 15								3.2
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene	3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			MN 12								7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
			Southland	Waiauan	MN 9								11.04
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8							Middle Miocene	11.63
					MN 6								12.8 *
				Lillburnian	MN 6								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian	MN 5								13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian			MN 4							Early Miocene	15.98
					MN 3								16.9
				Otaian	MN 3								18.7
					MN 2								20
		Aquitanian											20.44
			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
					MN 1								22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan								Early Eocene	47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	430.5	Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni						443.8
		Katian		Pirgu						445.2
				Vormsi						449.6 *
				Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
				Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian		Keila						Idavere †	453
				Haljala							453.9
				Kukruse							456.4 *
				Uhaku						Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku							458.4
				Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri							460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
				Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov								467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg								477.7
				Varangu								481.3 *
				Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort								485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										486.3 *
													486.5