PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

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Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Villanyian	2.58
				Waipipian	Villanyian	3
					Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean				3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian				7.246
					Vallesian	8.7
			Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan	Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian		13.82
				Clifdenian		15.1
			Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian	Orleanian	15.98
				Otaian	Orleanian	18.7
					Agenian	20
		Aquitanian				20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		23.03
				Duntroonian		25.2
				Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan		34.6
				Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian		41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
				Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		47.8
				Mangaorapan		48.9
				Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		56
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
						145