PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Villanyian					Tertiary †		2.58
						Waipipian	Villanyian							3
							Ruscinian							3.1 *
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian							5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian										7.246
							Vallesian							8.7
					Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian							11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan	Astaracian							11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian	Orleanian							15.98
						Otaian	Orleanian							18.7
							Agenian							20
				Aquitanian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian		Korangan								113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein			Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes				259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian				283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10			Sunwaptan				487.5
			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan				489.5
			Jiangshanian			Steptoean				493 *
			Paibian			Steptoean				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Marjumian				Albertian †	497
			Drumian			Marjumian					500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
								Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
														635