PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene				0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		Late Pliocene			Villanyian	2.58
				Waipipian					Villanyian	3
									Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian		Early Pliocene				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene			Turolian	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian						Pannonian		7.246
									Vallesian	8.7
			Southland	Waiauan					Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene		Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
								Badenian		12.8 *
				Lillburnian				Badenian		13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian		Early Miocene			Orleanian	15.98
				Otaian					Orleanian	18.7
									Agenian	20
		Aquitanian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Late Oligocene				23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan		Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		Early Eocene				47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian			365.3 *
					Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian			383.7 *
					Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *	Eifelian
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
	Wenlock	Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
										430.5