PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian Subages	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian		Korangan										113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan	145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan	149.2
					Kawhia		Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan	164.3
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Herangi		Ururoan		Thouarsense	176
										180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		188.9
			Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian			201.4
			Norian				Warepan			208.5
							Otamitan			217
							Oretian			221
			Carnian				Oretian			227
			Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan			227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan			237
			Ladinian				Etalian			238
			Anisian				Etalian			242
			Anisian				Malakovian			246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian			247.2
			Olenekian				Nelsonian			249
			Induan				Nelsonian			251.2
			Induan		DUrville		Makarewan			251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan			251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian			254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan			254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian			259.51
			Wordian				Flettian			264.28
			Wordian				Barettian			266
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian			283.5
							Telfordian			285
										288.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
			Visean							Chesterian	330.9
										Meramecian	335.8 *
										Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			346.7				Osagean
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian				351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian					Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian						365.3 *
						Early Famennian						368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Frasnian					372.2
				Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
				Early Frasnian							379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian					382.7
				Middle Givetian							383.7 *
				Early Givetian							385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Couvinien					387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian							390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian							393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian							398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian							407.6
			Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien					408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
			Katian						Gamachian		445.2
									Richmondian		446 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian			453
									Turinian			453.7 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
Dapingian			467.3
Dapingian			Rangerian						469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
																4600