PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
				Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian		Korangan							113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan	145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan	149.2
					Kawhia		Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan	164.3
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Toarcian		Herangi		Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian				Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian	201.4
			Norian				Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
			Carnian				Oretian	227
			Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian				Etalian	238
			Anisian				Etalian	242
			Anisian				Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian				Nelsonian	249
			Induan				Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
										252.4 *
								Chhidru		252.9 *
							Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
							Puruhauan			254.2
								Kalabagh		255 *
								Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian							264.28
										265.3 *
							Barettian			266
								Amb		266.1 *
									Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian							266.9
			Roadian							270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Kubergandian	276
									Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian			285
							Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian						Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
						Huashibanian				318.5 *
						Lousuan				321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian				323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		330.9
			Visean	Jiusian		335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
Paibian			494							Steptoean
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †				497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran			Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2								521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian						Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau		1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
													1400