PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian		Korangan										113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian		Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
							Cathedralian	Bolorian	279.8
							Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
								Yakhtashian	286
					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian					Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian					Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian					Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian					Chesterian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian					Chesterian	330.9
										Meramecian	335.8 *
										Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian					Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian		485.4
			Stage 10	Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian		489.5
			Paibian	Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan		497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
			Drumian	Undillan		500.5
			Drumian	Floran		503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian		504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian		509
			Stage 4			510.8 *
			Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400