PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian			3
		Zanclean		Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian			13.82
				Clifdenian			15.1
			Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			23.03
				Duntroonian			25.2
				Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan			34.6
				Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
				Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan			47.8
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
							419.2