PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
		Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan										11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
				Clifdenian										15.1
			Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
				Duntroonian										25.2
				Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
			Arnold	Runangan										34.6
				Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
				Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
				Mangaorapan										48.9
				Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
				Mangaotanean										90.5
				Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
				Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
				Urutawan										103.3
			Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian		Korangan										113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian			Leine	264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
				Zahorany †/Vinice							Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †								458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian			458.5 *
									Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian		468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8