PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
				Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
						Opoitian								3.7
						Opoitian							Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
													Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian							Shanwangian	13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian										15.98
													Xiejiaan	16.9
						Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian		Korangan								113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian			283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635