PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		Tertiary †									2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Lancian/Edmontonian				66
				Campanian		Haumurian							Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian		283.5
			Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian						Nealian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian				427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian				429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian										Pirgu	445.2
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala							453.9
						Kukruse							456.4 *
						Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku								458.4
						Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov								467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen								469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg								473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg								477.7
						Varangu								481.3 *
						Pakerort								482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort								485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
Series 2		Stage 4												509
Series 2		Stage 3												514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2												521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
																	1400