PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran				Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
				Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan									7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan									11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan				Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian									18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				Cenozoic 4					23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian				Cenozoic 2					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian		Haumurian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan				Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan				Cretaceous 5					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
				Aptian		Korangan				Cretaceous 3					113
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3					117.5
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1					132.6
Berriasian				139.8						Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian		Jurassic 4		168.2
			Aalenian		Jurassic 3		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3		174.7
			Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian		Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian		Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1		407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4						453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3						458.4
									Dobrotivian		458.5 *
									Oretanian		459.7 *
						Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Klabava †	467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian			468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5							485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †							Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian	Marjumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan								Cambrian 3	504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †								509
			Stage 4	Dyeran									511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran								Cambrian 2	514
				Montezuman									514.8 *
				Begadean									519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian			Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau									1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan									1375
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean													2800
	Paleoarchean													3200
	Eoarchean													3600
Hadean														4000
															4600