PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
				Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian		Korangan							113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Midian		264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian		283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Mapingian †	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
			Visean					Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian						Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4			Jaani
			Telychian			Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian							Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau			1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan			1375
													1400