PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian												0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian												3
		Zanclean		Waipipian												3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian												3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan												11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian												13.82
				Clifdenian												15.1
			Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian												15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian												23.03
				Duntroonian												25.2
				Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
			Arnold	Runangan												34.6
				Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan												37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian												41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
				Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan												47.8
				Mangaorapan												48.9
				Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian												56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian											66
		Campanian		Haumurian												72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan												83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
				Mangaotanean												90.5
				Arowhanan												93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan												93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
				Motuan												99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Gallic											100.5
				Urutawan												103.3
			Taitai	Korangan												108.4
		Aptian		Korangan												113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb			266.9
		Roadian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian		Kosovian				443.8
		Katian	Bolindian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		445.2
			Eastonian		Kralodvorian						449 *
			Eastonian		Berounian						449.7 *
			Gisbornian								452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian										458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian						Klabava †				467.3
			Yapeenian		Arenigian								468
			Castlemainian										468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian										470
			Bendigonian										471.8 *
			Lancefieldian										473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian		Tremadocian								482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5						Sunwaptan
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean						493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8