PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian Ages of Europe	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						MP 16		39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Gallic							100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan								113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	330.9
		Visean						Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian						427.4
	Wenlock	Homerian		Whitwellian						429.7 *
												430.5