PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	Villanyian		Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
				Waipipian		Villanyian						3
						Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene							3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian							Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene	Turolian						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
						Vallesian						8.7
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
											Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene	Astaracian						11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							Shanwangian	13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene	Orleanian						15.98
											Xiejiaan	16.9
				Otaian								18.7
						Agenian						20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene							23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Middle Eocene							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene							47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
												509