PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of China			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene									2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian	Late Pliocene									3
				Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene									3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian	Early Pliocene									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene									5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan	Middle Miocene									11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian	Early Miocene									15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene									23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan	Middle Eocene									37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene									47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene									56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian		Korangan										113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			358.9
					Middle Famennian			365.3 *
					Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian			372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Chotec			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Chotec		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian		449.5
										Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
				Zahorany †/Vinice								Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †									458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
										Dobrotivian			458.5 *
										Oretanian			459.7 *
				Sarka †									461.7 *
				Sarka †				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian		Klabava †							467.3
			Dapingian	Dapingian						Arenigian			468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						Arenigian			470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Tremadocian							477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Tremadocian			Lianghekou †				477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400