PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Zones	Silurian of England		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan		MN 17				1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian		MN 17				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		MN 16				2.58
						Waipipian		MN 16				3
								MN 15				3.2
				Zanclean								3.6
						Opoitian						3.7
								MN 14				4.2
								MN 13				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian				MN 12				7.246
								MN 11				7.75
								MN 10				8.7
								MN 9				9.7
					Southland	Waiauan		MN 9				11.04
								MN 7 + 8				11.1
				Serravallian				MN 7 + 8				11.63
								MN 6				12.8 *
						Lillburnian		MN 6				13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian		MN 5				13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian				MN 4				15.98
								MN 3				16.9
						Otaian		MN 3				18.7
								MN 2				20
				Aquitanian								20.44
					Landon	Waitakian						21.7
								MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian					Senonian	66
				Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
Cenomanian				93.9		Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	Gallic	100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian	125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
			Induan				251.2
			Induan				Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai		251.902
									252.4 *
							Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian				Chhidru		254.14
							Kalabagh		255 *
							Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian				Amb	266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian		438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10			Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian			Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian			Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian		Albertian †		497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian		498.4
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran		Branchian		Waucoban †		509
			Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
Placentian				Montezuman		517.1
				Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian					1800
		Rhyacian					2050
		Siderian					2300
Archean	Neoarchean						2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
												4600