PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		Villanyian				2.58
				Waipipian		Villanyian				3
						Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian				5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
						Vallesian				8.7
			Southland	Waiauan		Vallesian				11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan		Astaracian				11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian		Orleanian				15.98
				Otaian		Orleanian				18.7
						Agenian				20
		Aquitanian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
				Actonian †				453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian			456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian	461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian	467.3
			Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian	468.4 *
						Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
				Whitlandian		Chewtonian	471.1 *
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Cressagian			480.8 *
				Cressagian		Warendian	482.8 *
						Warendian	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian		509
		Stage 3					Branchian		514
		Stage 3					Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8