PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
		Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
				Opoitian											3.7
				Opoitian										Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
			Southland	Waiauan											11.04
														Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian										Shanwangian	13.82
				Clifdenian											15.1
			Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Xiejiaan	16.9
				Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
				Duntroonian											25.2
				Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
			Arnold	Runangan											34.6
				Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
				Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
				Mangaorapan											48.9
				Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
				Mangaotanean											90.5
				Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
				Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
				Urutawan											103.3
			Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian		Korangan											113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Dorashamian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	Laoshanian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	Laibinian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian			Midian	Kuhfengian			264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	Luodianian			273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
						Longlinian			285.4 *
					Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		438.5					Adavere
		Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †						483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	489.5
			Aksaian									490.7 *
			Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean	494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
			Ayusokkanian								Boomerangian		499
			Mayan/Menevian								Boomerangian		499.5
		Drumian									Undillan		500.5
		Drumian									Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan					Templetonian			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian			Stage 5 †		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
			Toyonian						Lenian †				510 *
			Toyonian										510.8 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †				529
															538.8