PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											Cenozoic 6		0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian													0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian													0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan													1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan													1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian													2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian													2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian													3
				Zanclean		Waipipian													3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian													3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan													7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan													7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan													11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan											Cenozoic 5		11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian													13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian													13.82
						Clifdenian													15.1
					Pareora	Altonian													15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian													15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian													18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian													20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian													21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
						Duntroonian													25.2
						Whaingaroan													27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													Cenozoic 3		33.9
					Arnold	Runangan													34.6
						Kaiatan													36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan													37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian													39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											Cenozoic 2		41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
						Heretaungan													45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan													47.8
						Mangaorapan													48.9
						Waipawan													52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											Cenozoic 1		56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											Cretaceous 8		66
				Campanian		Haumurian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											Cretaceous 6		83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
						Mangaotanean													90.5
						Arowhanan													93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											Cretaceous 5		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
						Motuan													99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											Cretaceous 4		100.5
						Urutawan													103.3
					Taitai	Korangan													108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											Cretaceous 3		113
				Aptian													Cretaceous 3		117.5
				Barremian													Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian													Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian													Cretaceous 1		132.6
Berriasian				139.8													Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		Jurassic 3	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
					Planulata			179.3 *
					Planulata			Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense				181.3 *
					Carlottense				182.3 *
					Kunae				183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		Jurassic 2		184.2
					Freboldi				185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras			Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian					Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian					Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian					Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian					Permian 1		293.52
			Asselian					Permian 1		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian								Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian					Carboniferous 4			Cantabrian	307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3			Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian					327.4 *
			Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2	330.9
						Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *				Carboniferous 1
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1						433.4
			Telychian									436.3 *
			Aeronian									438.5
			Aeronian							Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				Kosovian		443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
							Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †			456.2 *
							Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3							458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
Sarka †										461.7 *
Dapingian			Ordovician 2			Klabava †				467.3
Dapingian					Arenigian					468
Early Ordovician		Floian			Arenigian					470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †					Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian	Paibian											494
		Paibian	Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian									494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †					Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian	Drumian		Wangcunian †					Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian							Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian							Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian							Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							Cambrian 2				521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							Cambrian 1				529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							Cambrian 1				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																			1400