PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian		Korangan										113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan	145
			Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan	149.2
					Kawhia		Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan	164.3
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Toarcian		Herangi		Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian				Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian	201.4
			Norian				Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
			Carnian				Oretian	227
			Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian				Etalian	238
			Anisian				Etalian	242
			Anisian				Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian				Nelsonian	249
			Induan				Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
										252.4 *
								Chhidru		252.9 *
							Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
							Puruhauan			254.2
								Kalabagh		255 *
								Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian							264.28
										265.3 *
							Barettian			266
								Amb		266.1 *
									Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian							266.9
			Roadian							270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Kubergandian	276
									Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian			285
							Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian						Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
						Huashibanian				318.5 *
						Lousuan				321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian				323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		330.9
			Visean	Jiusian		335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien						408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
Steptoean			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			493 *
			Paibian							Paibian			494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Guzhangian							Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian							Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian								Delamaran		506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian								Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian										530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian										Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan		1375
																1400