PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Eastern North America	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								Villanyian	2.58
						Waipipian								Villanyian	3
														Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								Turolian	5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
														Vallesian	8.7
					Southland	Waiauan								Vallesian	11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan								Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian								Orleanian	15.98
						Otaian								Orleanian	18.7
														Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
				Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
				Aptian		Korangan									113
				Aptian											117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dapingian			467.3
			Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian				480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †			482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Skullrockian							485.4
			Stage 10								487.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400