PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran																0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian																0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian																0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan																1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan																1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian																2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									Yushean						Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian																3
		Zanclean		Waipipian																3.6
				Opoitian																3.7
				Opoitian									Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean																5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan																7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan														Pannonian		7.246
			Southland	Waiauan																11.04
													Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian																Sarmatian		11.63
																		Badenian		12.8 *
				Lillburnian														Badenian		13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									Shanwangian							13.82
				Clifdenian																15.1
			Pareora	Altonian																15.9
		Burdigalian																		15.98
													Xiejiaan							16.9
				Otaian																18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian																20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian																21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian																23.03
				Duntroonian																25.2
				Whaingaroan																27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan																34.6
				Kaiatan																36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan																37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian																39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian																41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan																42.6
				Heretaungan																45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan																47.8
				Mangaorapan																48.9
				Waipawan																52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian																56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian																66
		Campanian		Haumurian																72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan																83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan																86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
				Mangaotanean																90.5
				Arowhanan																93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan																93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian																95.2
				Motuan																99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan																100.5
				Urutawan																103.3
			Taitai	Korangan																108.4
		Aptian		Korangan																113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Laoshanian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian			Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian	Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian			266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian		Luodianian	273.01
						Filipovian					276.5 *
						Saraninian					280.1 *
						Saraninian		Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
						Sarginian				Longlinian	285.4 *
						Irginian					285.9 *
						Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
						Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian		Zisongian	293.52
						Uskalykian					294.8
						Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou							Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian								Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †							Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									Ungurian	477.7
											Lianghekou †		477.9 *
											Lianghekou †		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian			Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian			Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian			Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian													Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian													Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †			Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
									Toyonian				Lenian †		Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian						Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian						Botomian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian						Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †				529
																				538.8