PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
				Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian						Kekeamuan			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan					Bumbanian		47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian				Gashatan			56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						Senonian	66
				Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						Gallic	100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian		Korangan							113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
			Induan				251.2
			Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian				Amb	266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian			438.5
			Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian				443.8
			Katian			Bolindian				445.2
				Eastonian	449 *
				Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian	Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian	471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †				Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †				Wonokan †	571.7 *
													635