PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
				Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian			283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian				443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian					449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †							458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
			Dapingian	Klabava †								467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						Delamaran		506.5
Series 2		Stage 4										Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	514
													Montezuman	514.8 *
													Begadean	519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2												521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635