PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
				Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan						11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
						Urutawan						103.3
					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian		Korangan						113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
			Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
			Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
			Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
			Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian			443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian	Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian			453
						Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
				Dobrotivian							458.5 *
				Oretanian							459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian			468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian					Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau				1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan				1375
												1400