PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian							Middle Pleistocene				0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							Late Pliocene				2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian							Late Pliocene				3
				Zanclean		Waipipian							Early Pliocene				3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian							Early Pliocene				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							Late Miocene				5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan							Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian							Early Miocene				15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene				23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian							Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene				33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene				37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						Bumbanian	Early Eocene				47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian					Gashatan		Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
				Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
									Cautleyan			448.9 *
									Pusgillian			449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
						Oandu			Cheneyan			452 *
						Oandu			Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian			Keila						Idavere †	453
						Keila					Actonian †		453.2 *
						Haljala					Actonian †		453.9
				Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †		454.2 *
				Longvillian †									455.2 *
						Kukruse							456.4 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Uhaku						Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Uhaku		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
						Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Oeland				Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian											467.3
				Arenig				Fennian						468.4 *
										Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
Whitlandian								471.1 *
Whitlandian								Hunneberg		473.7 *
Moridunian										474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
				Cressagian						480.8 *
								Varangu		481.3 *
								Pakerort		482.2 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian			Paibian							494
		Paibian			Paibian							Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian							Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian			Drumian							Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian									509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian									530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														1000
		Ectasian														1200
		Calymmian														1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian														1600
		Orosirian					1800
		Rhyacian					2050
		Siderian					2300
Archean	Neoarchean						2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
																	4600