PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America				Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran													0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian													0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian													0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan													1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan													1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian													2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					Tertiary †								2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian													3
				Zanclean		Waipipian													3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian													3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan													7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
																		Badenian	12.8 *
						Lillburnian												Badenian	13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian													13.82
						Clifdenian													15.1
					Pareora	Altonian													15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian													15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian													18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian													20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian													21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian													23.03
						Duntroonian													25.2
						Whaingaroan													27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
					Arnold	Runangan													34.6
						Kaiatan													36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan													37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian													39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian													41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
						Heretaungan													45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan													47.8
						Mangaorapan													48.9
						Waipawan													52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian													56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian													66
				Campanian		Haumurian													72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan													83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
						Mangaotanean													90.5
						Arowhanan													93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan													93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
						Motuan													99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan													100.5
						Urutawan													103.3
					Taitai	Korangan													108.4
				Aptian		Korangan													113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb			266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
								Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
								Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian			433.4	Jaani
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
			Katian							Gamachian		445.2
										Richmondian		446 *
										Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian			450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian			453
										Turinian			453.7 *
									Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dapingian											467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean					477.7
Stairsian										480.3 *
Skullrockian										Demingian †				482 *
Skullrockian	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Stage 10											487.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †							497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian														720
			Tonian													Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																			1400