PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128010 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian															0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian															0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan															1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan															1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian															2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian															2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian															3
		Zanclean		Waipipian															3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian															3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean															5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan															7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan															7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan															11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan							Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian															13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian															13.82
				Clifdenian															15.1
			Pareora	Altonian															15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian															15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian															18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian															20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian															21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							Cenozoic 4								23.03
				Duntroonian															25.2
				Whaingaroan															27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3								33.9
			Arnold	Runangan															34.6
				Kaiatan															36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan															37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian															39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							Cenozoic 2								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
				Heretaungan															45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan															47.8
				Mangaorapan															48.9
				Waipawan															52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian		Haumurian							Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
				Mangaotanean															90.5
				Arowhanan															93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
				Motuan															99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Urutawan															103.3
			Taitai	Korangan															108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							Cretaceous 3								113
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3								117.5
		Barremian									Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian									Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian			139.8						Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Cayugan				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Niagaran				Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian								Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
							Medinan		Clinton					440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian										Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian											449.7 *
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4			453
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
														Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Oretanian								459.7 *
												Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian												468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian												470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian												477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian														Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian														Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids														497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4															500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3															504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai														509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1															529
																			538.8