PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian											2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
				Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan											113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Midian		264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian		283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
							Gleedonian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
							Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	453					Gisbornian
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian	Yapeenian					467.3
			Dapingian	Castlemainian					468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
				Bendigonian					471.8 *
				Lancefieldian					473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Lancefieldian					477.7
			Tremadocian	Warendian					482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Caerfai						Duyunian		509
Series 2		Stage 3							Nangaoian		514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2							Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200										Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
																	1400