PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
				Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan									7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan									11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan									11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian									18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Lancian/Edmontonian					66
				Campanian		Haumurian				Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
				Aptian		Korangan									113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
							Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
			Telychian				Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
						Eastonian				449 *		Pirgu
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Gisbornian					Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian	Keila							Idavere †	453
				Haljala								453.9
				Kukruse								456.4 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku		Darriwilian						458.4
				Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Yapeenian							467.3
						Castlemainian							468.5 *
						Castlemainian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
						Chewtonian					Latorp †		470.1 *
						Bendigonian							471.8 *
						Lancefieldian							473.5 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
Tremadocian			Ungurian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
						Warendian							482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian							485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
						Toyonian				510 *
						Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian				514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							1200				Yurmatian
		Ectasian							Burzyan				1375
															1400