PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian												0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian												2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian												3
		Zanclean		Waipipian												3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian												3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan												11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian												13.82
				Clifdenian												15.1
			Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian												15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
				Duntroonian												25.2
				Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian											Kekeamuan			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan												34.6
				Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian												41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
				Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										Bumbanian		47.8
				Mangaorapan												48.9
				Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									Gashatan			56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian												66
		Campanian		Haumurian												72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan												83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
				Mangaotanean												90.5
				Arowhanan												93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan												93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
				Motuan												99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan												100.5
				Urutawan												103.3
			Taitai	Korangan												108.4
		Aptian		Korangan												113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
			Vormsi							449.6 *
			Nabala							Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort		Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Paibian					494
		Paibian								Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian		Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian			Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Duyunian			Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian			Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian				529				Meishucunian
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				530.7
																538.8