PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian							Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
											Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian										11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							Shanwangian	13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
											Xiejiaan	16.9
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian								23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan								47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
				Mangaotanean								90.5
				Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
				Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan								100.5
				Urutawan								103.3
			Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian		Korangan								113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
												509