PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan			MP 16				37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			MP 16				39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian		323.2
		Visean					Chesterian		330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
											419.2