PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan				MN 17			1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian				MN 17			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				MN 16		Villanyian	2.58
						Waipipian						Villanyian	3
												Ruscinian	3.1 *
										MN 15			3.2
				Zanclean									3.6
						Opoitian							3.7
										MN 14			4.2
										MN 13			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Turolian	5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian						MN 12			7.246
										MN 11			7.75
										MN 10		Vallesian	8.7
										MN 9			9.7
					Southland	Waiauan				MN 9			11.04
										MN 7 + 8			11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		Astaracian	11.63
										MN 6			12.8 *
						Lillburnian				MN 6			13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian				MN 5			13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian						MN 4		Orleanian	15.98
										MN 3			16.9
						Otaian				MN 3			18.7
										MN 2		Agenian	20
				Aquitanian									20.44
					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
										MN 1			22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
Arowhanan						93.7
Arowhanan				Cenomanian		93.9
Clarence					Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
Taitai					Korangan	108.4
				Aptian	Korangan	113
				Aptian		117.5
				Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
			Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian					Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian					Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian					393.3
			Pragian		Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
Stage 3		Series 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
													1400