PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						Senonian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						Gallic	100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	Missourian	303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
						Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
						Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
											485 *