PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127731 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene					0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian		Late Pliocene					2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian		Late Pliocene					3
				Zanclean		Waipipian		Early Pliocene					3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian		Early Pliocene					3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene					5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan					Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan					Pannonian		11.04
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene			Sarmatian		11.63
											Badenian		12.8 *
						Lillburnian					Badenian		13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian		Early Miocene					15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Late Oligocene					23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan		Middle Eocene					37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan		Early Eocene					47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian		Korangan							113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian		257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
			Roadian		Kuhfengian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian		Bursumian †		293.52
			Asselian				Bursumian †		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †			Virgilian	298.9
											300.1
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Missourian	Stephanian A	303.7
										Missourian	Cantabrian	305 *
										Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian									307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
										Atokan	Westphalian C	312.7 *
											Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					315.2			Westphalian B
								Westphalian A			317 *
								Westphalian A		Morrowan	318.4 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	Chesterian	323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
								Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian	335.8 *
								Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
						Osagean		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean		Ivorian		346.7
						Kinderhookian		Ivorian		351.9 *
						Kinderhookian		Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		Adorf					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian					393.3
			Pragian			Siegen					407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		Siegen					408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Gedinnine					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4
Middle Ordovician		Dapingian	467.3
Early Ordovician		Floian	470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200				Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan				1375
													1400