PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of China			European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan					MN 17				1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					MN 17				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					MN 16			Villanyian	2.58
				Waipipian								Villanyian	3
												Ruscinian	3.1 *
									MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
									MN 14				4.2
									MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								Turolian	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian							MN 12				7.246
									MN 11				7.75
									MN 10			Vallesian	8.7
									MN 9				9.7
			Southland	Waiauan					MN 9				11.04
									MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian							MN 7 + 8			Astaracian	11.63
									MN 6				12.8 *
				Lillburnian					MN 6				13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian					MN 5				13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian							MN 4			Orleanian	15.98
									MN 3				16.9
				Otaian					MN 3				18.7
									MN 2			Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
									MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Induan					251.2
		Induan					Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Amb	266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
													485.4