PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
				Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan						11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
						Urutawan						103.3
					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian		Korangan						113
				Aptian								117.5
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
			Induan				251.2
			Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Amb	266.9
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
								Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
								Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan		315.2
								Morrowan		318.4 *
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	Chesterian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian		330.9
								Jiusian		335 *
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen				407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
Stage 3		Series 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400