PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian												0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian												0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian												2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian												3
				Zanclean		Waipipian												3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian												3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan							Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian												13.82
						Clifdenian												15.1
					Pareora	Altonian												15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian												15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian												18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian							Cenozoic 4					23.03
						Duntroonian												25.2
						Whaingaroan												27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3					33.9
					Arnold	Runangan												34.6
						Kaiatan												36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan												37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian							Cenozoic 2					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
						Heretaungan												45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan												47.8
						Mangaorapan												48.9
						Waipawan												52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian		Haumurian							Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan							Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
						Mangaotanean												90.5
						Arowhanan												93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan							Cretaceous 5					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
						Motuan												99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Urutawan												103.3
					Taitai	Korangan												108.4
				Aptian		Korangan							Cretaceous 3					113
				Aptian									Cretaceous 3					117.5
				Barremian									Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian									Cretaceous 1					132.6
Berriasian				139.8									Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian		Jurassic 4		168.2
			Aalenian		Jurassic 3		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3		174.7
			Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian		Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian		Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		Triassic 1	247.2
			Induan					251.2
			Induan					Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian	Kathwai	Permian 4	251.902
										252.4 *
								Chhidru		252.9 *
							Baoqingian			253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Laoshanian			254.14
								Kalabagh		255 *
								Wargal		256 *
							Laibinian			257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Lengwuan			259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Kuhfengian			264.28
										265.3 *
								Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Amb	Permian 3	266.9
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Permian 3	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian		Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian				Luodianian			283.5
			Artinskian				Longlinian			285.4 *
			Sakmarian				Longlinian			290.1
			Asselian				Zisongian		Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean						Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian			Wych				Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1		433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian		443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					Cambrian 5						485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
Steptoean			Jiangshanian												493 *
Steptoean			Paibian												494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †					Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Marjumian						Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						Cambrian 3						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran												506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †											509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						Cambrian 2						514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2													521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian							Cambrian 1						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian									538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian			Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau			1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan		1375
																		1400