PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
				Opoitian								Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan									7.246
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian											11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								Shanwangian	13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Xiejiaan	16.9
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
				Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan									100.5
				Urutawan									103.3
			Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian		Korangan									113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Laoshanian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian			Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian	Kuhfengian			264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Luodianian		273.01
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
						Sarginian	Longlinian		285.4 *
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	Zisongian		293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian					443.8
		Katian		Bolindian					445.2
			Eastonian	449 *
			Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian	470
			Bendigonian	471.8 *
			Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian	Ungurian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian	Ungurian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian						Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian								509
										Toyonian	510 *
										Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian	514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian	521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
													538.8