PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Silurian Ages of Europe	European Faunal Zones	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan				MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian				MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				MN 16		Villanyian	2.58
				Waipipian						Villanyian	3
										Ruscinian	3.1 *
								MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean									3.6
				Opoitian							3.7
								MN 14			4.2
								MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Turolian	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian						MN 12			7.246
								MN 11			7.75
								MN 10		Vallesian	8.7
								MN 9			9.7
			Southland	Waiauan				MN 9			11.04
								MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		Astaracian	11.63
								MN 6			12.8 *
				Lillburnian				MN 6			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian				MN 5			13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian						MN 4		Orleanian	15.98
								MN 3			16.9
				Otaian				MN 3			18.7
								MN 2		Agenian	20
		Aquitanian									20.44
			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
								MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian							56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Induan					251.2
		Induan					Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai		251.902
									252.4 *
							Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru		254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Amb	266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
	Wenlock	Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
											430.5