PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian											2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
				Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan	Cenozoic 5										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
						Clifdenian											15.1
					Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
						Duntroonian											25.2
						Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan											34.6
						Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
						Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
						Mangaorapan											48.9
						Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian		Haumurian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan	Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean											90.5
						Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
						Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Cretaceous 4										100.5
						Urutawan											103.3
					Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian		Korangan	Cretaceous 3										113
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3										117.5
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1										132.6
Berriasian				139.8			Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian		Jurassic 4		168.2
			Aalenian		Jurassic 3		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3		174.7
			Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian		Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian		Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
			Wordian				Midian	264.28
			Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian					Bolindian		445.2
								Eastonian		449 *
								Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4			Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian			482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				St Davids			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Caerfai			Duyunian		509
Stage 3		Series 2	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian							514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Cambrian 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan								1375
																	1400