PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian						Middle Pleistocene						0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian						Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian						Late Pliocene						3
				Zanclean		Waipipian						Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian						Early Pliocene						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene						5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene						11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian												13.82
						Clifdenian												15.1
					Pareora	Altonian												15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian						Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian												18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene						23.03
						Duntroonian												25.2
						Whaingaroan												27.3
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene						33.9
					Arnold	Runangan												34.6
						Kaiatan												36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan						Middle Eocene						37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
						Heretaungan												45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						Early Eocene						47.8
						Mangaorapan												48.9
						Waipawan												52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian		Haumurian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan	Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
						Mangaotanean												90.5
						Arowhanan												93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5											93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
						Motuan												99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Cretaceous 4											100.5
						Urutawan												103.3
					Taitai	Korangan												108.4
				Aptian		Korangan	Cretaceous 3											113
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3											117.5
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1											132.6
Berriasian				139.8			Cretaceous 1
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
			Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
			Bajocian		Jurassic 4		168.2
			Aalenian		Jurassic 3		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3		174.7
			Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian		Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian		Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		251.902
			Wuchiapingian				254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian		Permian 3		Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian		Permian 3		Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4					307
			Bashkirian							315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1				Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2					393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1					407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan				445.2
						Cautleyan				448.9 *
						Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian						470
Whitlandian						471.1 *
Moridunian						474.3 *
Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Cressagian	480.8 *
					Cressagian	Mansian †						483.55 *
						Mansian †						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Merioneth						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
												Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			St Davids							Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian											Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai	509						Amgan/Solvan
							Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
							Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian						521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan							1375
																		1400