PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan									56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan							Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Kathwai			251.902
														252.4 *
											Chhidru			252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian							Chhidru			254.14
											Kalabagh			255 *
											Wargal			256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian						Urzhumian				264.28
														265.3 *
											Amb			266.1 *
				Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb			266.9
				Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
										Filipovian				276.5 *
										Saraninian				280.1 *
				Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
										Irginian				285.9 *
										Burtsevian				287.8 *
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
				Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
										Uskalykian				294.8
										Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5						Batyrbaian
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
	Paibian		Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
			Toyonian						510 *
			Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian						514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635