PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian							Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
				Wordian															264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian															293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian														298.9
				Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian														303.7
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian														307
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian														315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian		Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni				443.8
			Katian				Pirgu				445.2
							Vormsi				449.6 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
							Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian				Keila				Idavere †	453
							Haljala					453.9
							Kukruse					456.4 *
							Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku					458.4
							Lasnamagi					458.9 *
							Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg						477.7
							Varangu						481.3 *
							Pakerort						482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
	Paibian		494
	Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian												494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan												509
			Toyonian										Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian												514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian												521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian										Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau													800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau													1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian													1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian													1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan													1375
																			1400