PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian		Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian		Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian		100.5
												Middle Albian		106.2 *
												Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian										Late Aptian		113
		Aptian										Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian		139.8
												Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
												Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian		150
											Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
											Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian										Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian										Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian										Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Late Toarcian		174.7
										Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian		176
												Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
												Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian										Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian										Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian										Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian									Warepan	Sevatian		208.5
												Alaunian		213.2 *
												Lacian		216.7 *
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
		Carnian									Oretian	Tuvalian		227
										Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian		227.5
												Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Longobardian		237
			Etalian		238							Longobardian
					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
			Malakovian	Aegean	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
				Smithian	248.9 *
			Nelsonian	Smithian	249
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
			DUrville	Griesbachian	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian								485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian								486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian								489.5
		Paibian		Idamean								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan								497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian								499
		Drumian	Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
														510.8 *